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High/Low Iron Diet
Purpose
Iron is a mineral essential for life. Found in red blood cells, iron's primary role is to carry oxygen from the
lungs to the rest of the body. Without oxygen, the body's cells cannot function normally.
If the body's iron stores become too low, an iron-deficiency anemia can occur. This is characterized by weakness,
lethargy, muscle fatigue, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, a person's skin may become pale due to a lack
of red blood cells in the body.
In adults, iron deficiency is most commonly caused by chronic blood loss, such as with heavy menstruation or
intestinal bleeding from peptic ulcers, cancer, or hemorrhoids. In children, iron deficiency is usually the result
of an inadequate iron intake.
Nutrition Facts
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for iron in healthy adults is 10 milligrams per day for men and 15 milligrams
per day for premenopausal women. Premenopausal women's needs are higher than men's needs because women lose iron
during menstruation.
It is generally easier for men to get enough iron than it is for women. Because they are usually bigger, men
have higher calorie needs and will most likely eat enough food to meet their iron requirements. Women, on the other
hand, tend to eat less. This makes it more difficult for them to meet their iron needs. It is, therefore, particularly
important for premenopausal women to eat foods high in iron.
Pregnant women will need as much as 30 milligrams of iron per day. The main reason is because the unborn baby
needs iron for development. As a result, it will draw from the mother's iron stores. This can quickly deplete a
woman of iron if she is not eating enough iron rich foods.
The following table lists foods high in iron. In general, meat, fish, and poultry are excellent sources. Other
sources of iron include beans, dried fruits, whole grains, fortified cereals, and enriched breads.
There are some instances in which a high iron diet can be harmful. For example, those suffering from hemochromatosis
need to avoid iron rich foods. Hemochromatosis is a common hereditary disorder where the body loses its ability
to regulate the amount of iron that is absorbed and stored. Without a regulatory process, dangerously large amounts
of iron can build up. This can lead to severe damage to the liver, heart, and pancreas.
Chronic liver disease, from many causes, can result in excessive amounts of iron being stored in the liver.
In some instances, this actually aggravates the damage to the liver. In the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, for
example, it is now known that reducing iron stores by removal of blood actually improves treatment.
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Special Considerations
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- Heme and nonheme iron are two forms of iron in foods. Heme iron is found in meats, poultry, and fish.
Nonheme iron is found in both plant and animal foods.
Heme iron is more easily absorbed by the body than nonheme iron. However, heme iron can also promote the absorption
of non-heme iron. Therefore, eating beef and beans, for example, is good for providing adequate absorption of both
types of iron.
- Vitamin C also promotes iron absorption. This is true for both heme and nonheme iron. It is, therefore,
beneficial to consume citrus fruits or juices, which are high in vitamin C, with foods that contain iron. For example,
a meal might include a lean sirloin steak (heme iron source), baked potato (nonheme iron source), broccoli (nonheme
iron source), and an orange (vitamin C source) for a good iron intake.
- Phytic and tannic acids are two food components that, when consumed in large amounts, prevent the absorption
of iron. Phytic acid is found in rye bread and other foods made from whole grains. Phytic acid is also found in
nonherbal teas. Tannic acid is found in commercial black and pekoe teas, coffee, cola drinks, chocolate, and red
wines.
- Iron Supplements: There are many different kinds of iron supplements. However, iron supplements should
only be taken when there is a true deficiency of iron and only under medical supervision.
General multivitamins often have iron and other minerals added to them in moderate amounts. If otherwise healthy,
this amount of iron is probably not harmful. If iron is to be avoided, multivitamins containing iron should not
be used.
Please note that it is important to keep iron and multivitamin supplements safely away from a child's reach. If
ingested, severe poisoning can occur.
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Foods That Contain Iron
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Food
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Serving Size
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(mg)
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| Bran flakes cereal |
1 cup
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24.0
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| Product 19 cereal |
1 cup
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24.0
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| Clams, steamed |
3 oz
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23.8
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| Total cereal |
1 cup
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18.0
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| Life cereal |
1 cup
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12.2
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| Raisin bran cereal |
1 cup
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9.3
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| Beef liver, braised |
3 oz
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5.8
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| Kix cereal |
1 cup
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5.4
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| Cheerios cereal |
1 cup
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3.6
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| Prune juice |
1 cup
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3.0
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| Potato, baked with skin |
1 med
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2.8
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| Sirloin steak, cooked |
3 oz
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2.8
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| Shrimp, cooked |
3 oz
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2.6
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| Navy beans, cooked |
1/2 cup
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2.3
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| Figs, dried |
5
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2.1
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| Lean ground beef, broiled |
3 oz
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2.1
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| Swiss chard, cooked |
1/2 cup
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2.0
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| Rice krispies cereal |
1 cup
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1.8
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| Kidney beans |
1/2 cup
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1.6
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| Oatmeal, cooked |
1/2 cup
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1.6
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| Spinach, raw |
1 cup
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1.5
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| Tuna, canned in water |
3 oz
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1.3
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| Green peas, cooked |
1/2 cup
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1.2
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| Halibut, cooked |
3 oz
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0.9
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| Whole-wheat bread |
1 slice
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0.9
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| Apricot halves, dried |
5
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0.8
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| Raisins |
1/4 cup
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0.8
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| Broccoli, cooked |
1/2 cup
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0.6
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| Egg, boiled |
1 large
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0.6
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